Quality-of-Life: Patients with Common Dermatological Disease

Quality-of-Life: Patients with Common Dermatological Disease Skin diseases are frequent in all over the world. Approximately 30% of Americans had at least one skin condition that leads to further medical examination (1). Patients with skin disease have experienced various problems including emotional, financial, psychological and social issues which can affect their quality of life (QoL) (2). Skin diseases are responsible for the majority of morbidity due to the presence of physical symptoms. Some studies reported that itching and fatigue are the main complaint in patients with skin diseases; moreover, compared with the normal people, these patients had a lower psychosocial wellbeing which it depended on disease-severity and duration, disease-related quality of life, and presence of physical symptoms such as itch, pain and fatigue (3-4). It also reported that some skin diseases can cause higher degree of disability in comparison with many chronic diseases (5). For instance patients who suffered from psoriasis reported fatigue, stigmatization, and loss of physical function, lack of self confidence, impaired daily and social function and limitations in social contacts (6). Some studies suggested that that eczema and psoriasis have a lower mental health compare patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and psychiatric patients had better functioning compared to patients with skin disorders, also the harmful effects of psoriasis on QOL were comparable to that seen in breast cancer, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, and mood disorders (7-8). The World Health Organization defines QOL as â€Å"individuals’ expectation of their position in life, in the context of the cultural and value system in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns† (9). It is very difficult to achieve QOL in patients with skin diseases. This may be due to the patients worrying about their unhandsome appearance in confronting people and so, what they think about their skin. Therefore, it is very important for clinicians or dermatologists to improve the QOL in these patients by concentrating on patients symptoms and appearance. Assessing QOL provides more accurate information about patients needs and helps dermatologist to decide better about patients treatment. So, it improves better patients service and QOL (10). Because QOL shows a very important aspect in physical and mental health, this review was aimed on evaluating the impacts of QOL of patients on various skin diseases including psoriasis, vitiligo, acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis and also, how much these diseases affected QOL and what factors may be associated with a worse QOL. ACNE VULGARIS: Acne vulgaris is the probably most prevalent skin disease in adolescents and especially during puberty. Approximately all of men and women experienced at least one acne lesions during their lifetime (11). In some studies has reported that this skin disorder, affecting almost 80% of individuals who aged from 11 to 30 years. 17However, this rate varied between 41.7% -93.3% in different countries with populations aged 12 to 18 years (12-13). Also, it has reported that acne and actinic keratosis represented the two most common presentations in dermatologists office visits, with both conditions resulting in 5.2 million visits and 15% of total visits yearly in United States (14). QoL issues have been well-known in acne vulgaris. One of the most important in adolescence is a good appearance. It affected self-worth and self confidence. Acne vulgaris may cause some morbidity in many teenage patients such as low self-esteem, social isolation, and depression and suicidal ideation (15-18). There are some validated criteria for evaluating and identifying individuals with acne vulgaris include the Acne Disability Index (ADI), Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), and the Acne-QoL index (19). It is worth mentioning that CADI and acne-Qol were Simpler and more rapidly used than the ADI index (19). Of note, physical morbidity and decreased social functioning in adulthood may be the complications of acne vulgaris that had happened in adolescents (20). Verhoeven et al.(3) suggested in his study that patients with skin diseases in experienced a lower psychosocial well-being compare to the normal population and several of these patients was at risk of developing severe mood disorders such as depression. Also, the psychosocial problems were more frequent in patient with chronic skin disease. Also, Patients who suffered from acne vulgaris have worse mental health and anxiety and depression status than individuals with asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, CVD, back pain, or arthritis (2, 21). About the half of adolescent patients accepted acne as a disease, but 86% think that treatment is necessary to improve their appearance (12). This is the reason that subjects with worse symptoms and QoL condition should be treated by the physician or dermatologist with more aggressive or systemic treatments such as corticosteroids(22). In some cases, referral for further evaluation by a psychologist is recommended (23). Effective treatments may be useful to reach the optimum QoL burden of this common disease. ATOPIC DERMATITIS: It is reported that the atopic dermatitis causes most physician office visit and outpatient hospital visits in United States (14). Atopic dermatitis (AD) describes an inflammatory, chronically relapsing skin condition that, along with asthma and allergic rhinitis, is part of the atopic triad (24). The condition gives rise to itching and severely dry skin, and is characterized by an allergic predisposition, pruritus, erythema, oozing, crusting, excoriations, lichenification, sensitivity to allergens/ irritants and susceptibility to secondary infections (24) Atopic dermatitis typically appears in early childhood, and patients may experience periodic flare-ups throughout adulthood (25). A worldwide study found that AD affects approximately 5% to 20% of children at ages 6 – 7 and 13–14 years, with the prevalence being highest in developed countries (26). Other estimates of prevalence in children fall within this range. The prevalence of AD in Canada was estimated to be 8.5% for children aged 6 – 7 years, and 9.4% for children aged 13–14 years (26). Approximately 10% of cases are considered to be severe, with approximately half the remaining cases being considered moderate and half being considered mild. Incidence and severity are approximately equal among males and females (24). Evidence suggests that the prevalence of AD in Western nations is increasing. Parents report that their children with AD experience sleep disturbance, and are more clingy, frustrated, and irritable (27-29). Studies have found a correlation between AD and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (30-32). Infants with AD are also found to be at greater risk for development of mental health problems by age 10 years. The prevalence and burden of AD in teenagers is less well understood. Adolescents with AD are at significant risk of impaired QoL similar to that of acne vulgaris, including predisposition to depression, impaired social interaction with members of the opposite sex, and sexual functioning.54 Using Skindex-Teen, adolescents with AD generally experienced similar impairment in QoL as those with acne (33). Indices to accurately measure QoL in pediatric patients with AD are highly relevant to clinical practice and research. To more completely gauge the comprehensive burden of disease, the clinician should aim to objectively review QoL and physical impairment (34-35). Patients with severe QoL impairment caused by AD may be in greater need of aggressive treatment strategies to minimize comorbidities and the longterm psychosocial effects of their disease. It is critical to involve both the caregiver and patient in these treatment strategies. . 1.Johnson M-LT. Defining the Burden of Skin Disease in the United States[mdash]A Historical Perspective. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004;9(2):108-10. 2.Brown MM, Chamlin SL, Smidt AC. Quality of life in pediatric dermatology. Dermatologic clinics. 2013;31(2):211-21. 3.Verhoeven EWM, Kraaimaat FW, Van De Kerkhof PCM, Van Weel C, Duller P, Van Der Valk PGM, et al. Psychosocial well-being of patients with skin diseases in general practice. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2007;21(5):662-8. 4.Verhoeven E, Kraaimaat F, Van De Kerkhof P, Van Weel C, Duller P, Van Der Valk P, et al. Prevalence of physical symptoms of itch, pain and fatigue in patients with skin diseases in general practice. British Journal of Dermatology. 2007;156(6):1346-9. 5.Walker S, Shah M, Hubbard V, Pradhan H, Ghimire M. Skin disease is common in rural Nepal: results of a point prevalence study. British Journal of Dermatology. 2008;158(2):334-8. 6.Spilker B. Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials. 1996. 7.Sprangers MAG, de Regt EB, Andries F, van Agt HME, Bijl RV, de Boer JB, et al. Which chronic conditions are associated with better or poorer quality of life? Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2000;53(9):895-907. 8.Rapp SR, Feldman SR, Exum ML, Fleischer Jr AB, Reboussin DM. Psoriasis causes as much disability as other major medical diseases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1999;41(3):401-7. 9.WHOQOL Measuring Quality of Life, Geneva Switzerland: Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse, World Health Organization. 1997. 10.David S, Ahmed Z, Salek M, Finlay A. Does enough quality of lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ related discussion occur during dermatology outpatient consultations? British Journal of Dermatology. 2005;153(5):997-1000. 11.Bickers DR, Lim HW, Margolis D, Weinstock MA, Goodman C, Faulkner E, et al. The burden of skin diseases: 2004: A joint project of the American Academy of Dermatology Association and the Society for Investigative Dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2006;55(3):490-500. 12.Uslu G, Ã…Å ¾endur N, Uslu M, Ã…Å ¾avk E, Karaman G, Eskin M. Acne: prevalence, perceptions and effects on psychological health among adolescents in Aydin, Turkey. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2008;22(4):462-9. 13.Gollnick H, Cunliffe W, Berson D, Dreno B, Finlay A, Leyden JJ, et al. Management of Acne. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. [doi: 10.1067/mjd.2003.618]. 2003;49(1):S1-S37. 14.Kalia S, Haiducu ML. The Burden of Skin Disease in the United States and Canada. Dermatologic clinics. [doi: 10.1016/j.det.2011.09.004]. 2012 30(1):5-18. 15.Smithard A, Glazebrook C, Williams H. Acne prevalence, knowledge about acne and psychological morbidity in midà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ adolescence: a communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based study. British Journal of Dermatology. 2001;145(2):274-9. 16.Rapp D, Brenes G, Feldman S, Fleischer A, Graham G, Dailey M, et al. Anger and acne: implications for quality of life, patient satisfaction and clinical care. British Journal of Dermatology. 2004;151(1):183-9. 17.Krejci-Manwaring J, Kerchner K, Feldman SR, Rapp DA, Rapp SR. Social sensitivity and acne: the role of personality in negative social consequences and quality of life. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2006;36(1):121-30. 18.Magin P, Pond C, Smith W, Goode S. Acnes relationship with psychiatric and psychological morbidity: results of a schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based cohort study of adolescents. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2010;24(1):58-64. 19.Walker N, Lewis-Jones MS. Quality of life and acne in Scottish adolescent schoolchildren: use of the Childrens Dermatology Life Quality Index © (CDLQI) and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index © (CADI). Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2006;20(1):45-50. 20.Brown BC, McKenna SP, Siddhi K, McGrouther DA, Bayat A. The hidden cost of skin scars: quality of life after skin scarring. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery. 2008;61(9):1049-58. 21.Niemeier V, Kupfer J, Gieler U. Acne vulgaris – Psychosomatic aspects. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 2006;4(12):1027-36. 22.Finlay AY. The burden of skin disease: quality of life, economic aspects and social issues. Clinical Medicine. 2009 December 1, 2009;9(6):592-4. 23.Gupta MA, Gupta AK. The use of antidepressant drugs in dermatology. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2001;15(6):512-8. 24.Barbeau M, Bpharm HL. Burden of Atopic dermatitis in Canada. International Journal of Dermatology. 2006;45(1):31-6. 25.Knoell KA, Greer KE. Atopic Dermatitis. Pediatrics in Review. 1999 February 1, 1999;20(2):46-52. 26.Williams H, Robertson C, Stewart A, Aà ¯t-Khaled N, Anabwani G, Anderson R, et al. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1999;103(1):125-38. 27.Schmitt J, Chen CM, Apfelbacher C, Romanos M, Lehmann I, Herbarth O, et al. Infant eczema, infant sleeping problems, and mental health at 10 years of age: the prospective birth cohort study LISAplus. Allergy. 2011;66(3):404-11. 28.Chamlin SL, Frieden IJ, Williams ML, Chren M-M. Effects of atopic dermatitis on young American children and their families. Pediatrics. 2004;114(3):607-11. 29.Chamlin SL, Mattson CL, Frieden IJ, Williams ML, Mancini AJ, Cella D, et al. The price of pruritus: sleep disturbance and cosleeping in atopic dermatitis. Archives of pediatrics adolescent medicine. 2005;159(8):745-50. 30.Romanos M, Gerlach M, Warnke A, Schmitt J. Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and atopic eczema modified by sleep disturbance in a large population-based sample. Journal of epidemiology and community health. 2010;64(3):269-73. 31.Schmitt J, Romanos M. Lack of studies investigating the association of childhood eczema, sleeping problems, and attentionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2009;20(3):299-300. 32.Harari M, Dreiher J, Czarnowicki T, Ruzicka T, Ingber AS. 75: a new metric for assessing treatment outcomes in atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011. 33.Smidt AC, Lai J-S, Cella D, Patel S, Mancini AJ, Chamlin SL. Development and validation of Skindex-Teen, a quality-of-life instrument for adolescents with skin disease. Archives of dermatology. 2010;146(8):865-9. 34.Charman CR, Venn AJ, Williams H, Bigby M. Measuring atopic eczema severity visually: which variables are most important to patients? Archives of dermatology. 2005;141(9):1146-51. 35.Charman C, Chambers C, Williams H. Measuring atopic dermatitis severity in randomized controlled clinical trials: what exactly are we measuring? Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2003;120(6):932-41.

Absolute Statement Fallacy

Reporter: Fuentes, Mary Rose S. 6. Confusion of Absolute Statement – this fallacy is committed when one argues from the truth of a general principle to the truth of specific case. The specific case may even be an exception the general law. Let us keep in mind, there are always exeptions to general principles. A universal principle is coined in view of normal and ordinary circumstances. But there may be exceptional conditions where the force of universal principle may be waived. Example: To kill is morally criminal. (universal law) But in self-defense, one may kill. (specific case)Therefore, self defense is morally criminal. The result is an invalid conclusion, rendering the argument fallacious. 7. Confusion of Qualified Statement – this fallacy consists in concluding from the truth of a proposition which is good only under certain circumstances of time, place, or condition to the truth of the same thing under all circumstances. Example: Some Catholics are bad. But Mary and Joseph are Catholics Therefore, Mary and Joseph are bad. In the example, it is true that â€Å"some Catholics are bad†. But from this premise, one cannot conclude rashly that Mary and Joseph are bad just because they are Catholics.They are not necessarily included in the â€Å"Some Catholics†. They can be out of that group. One cannot conclude a universal truth from a particular truth. Ther is confusion of qualified statement. 8. Arguing Beside the Point (Ignoratio Elenchi) – this fallacy is an argumentation that escapes the point of issue, and instead resorts to some kind of alibi to prove or disprove something. Actually it does not prove or disprove because the argument evades the question. It ignores the point of at issue, hence called â€Å"ignoratio elenchi†. This fallacy appears in different guises. a. Argument Ad Hominem (appeal to the individual) – the allacy evades the point of the issue and attacks the personality of the opponent. In truth, it is a biased argument, for it takes the character defects of the opponent instead of concentrating on the question. Example: The Igorots are not real Filipinos because they live in the mountains. The argument is false because living in the mountains is taken as a reason to conclude that â€Å"Igorots are not real Filipinos†. Regardless of the place of residence, whether mountains or plains, or even in seas, as long as it is part of the Philippine territory and that the resident was born here, the Igorots remain as true Filipinos. . Argument ad Populum (appeal to the people) – the fallacy employs an appeal to the passion of the people for their biased favors, evading the issue on question. Example: The husband of the candidate is related to the governor, so let us vote for her. In the example, you will notice that the motives of the campaigners and voters are out of the regionalistic feelings and pity, respectively. Reasoning is out of place here. Instead of fo cusing on the qualities and abilities of the candidate, the focus was on regionalism and compassion.The argument is fallacious in reasoning. c. Argumentum Ad Misericordiam (appeal to pity) – the fallacious argument puts aside reason and resorts to pleading for mercy and compassion, which is emotional in nature. Example: Let us give a passing grade to Pedro because he has one leg . The fallacious statement has pity as the motivating factors of the argument. d. Argument Ad Verecundiam (appeal to respect/authority) – the fallacy takes the status and the influence of the person as the point of argument putting aside the merit of the issue.Oftentimes the prestige and authority is invoked to justify or prove something. An element of paternalism is present. Example: Abortion is not immoral because the Secretary of Health says it so. The position of the health secretary is not outright moral guarantees to justify the immoral act of abortion. After all the health secretary is n ot an expert and authority in matters of morality. e. Argumentum Ad Baculum (appeal to might) – physical force and moral pressure are resorted to in the argument a means to attain an end, again deviating from the real issue.The point is to scare or force people to accept or be convinced. In this context, reason is out of place; hence, the argument is rendered fallacious. Example: I go to school because my parents will scold me. While the statement contains some moral truths, strictly speaking, the real moral issue is overshadowed or missed. Scolding or fear of being scolded should not be the priority motive for going to school. Personal growth, development, and improved quality of living should be the dominating motivations in going to school. Similar essay: Difference Between General Law and Special Law

Wellness Industry in India

INTRODUCTION In India, a country where traditional medicinal and health practices like Ayurveda and yoga have promoted the idea of mental and physical wellbeing since ancient times, a new concept of wellness is emerging. No longer limited to health, nutrition and relaxation, the new multi-dimensional definition of wellness encompasses the individual’s desire for social acceptance, exclusivity and collective welfare. WELLNESS INDUSTRY The 2009 FICCI-Ernst & Young (EY) Wellness – Exploring the Untapped Potential report classifies the Indian wellness industry into two segments: wellness services and wellness products.Expected to grow dramatically in the next years, both the segments offer great opportunities to wellness providers. At the end of 2008, the overall industry was estimated at around INR 27. 000 crore (EUR 4. 05 billion1), of which INR 11. 000 crore (EUR 1. 65 billion) represented by the services segment and the rest by the products segment. WELLNESS INDUSTRY SI ZE AND SEGMENTATION (EUR billion) 1,65 41% Wellness Products Wellness Services 2,4 59% Source: Ernst & Young and FICCIAccording to the study, the wellness industry has the potential to sustain a compound annual growth rate of more than 14% till 2012, with the wellness services market expected to witness an annual growth of approximately 3035% till 2014. 1 The conversion rate utilized in this report is 1 INR = 0. 015 EUR. WELLNESS INDUSTRY PROJECTIONS (EUR billion) 7,00 6,00 6,00 5,00 4,05 4,00 3,00 2,19 2,00 1,00 2009 2010E 2011E 2012E Source: Ernst & Young and FICCI 5,26 4,62 3,84 2,90 1,65 Wellness Industry Wellness Services Geographically, South India is much ahead in terms of wellness, with an average of 34. wellness centers per 100. 000 households, compared with 13. 6 for the North, 12 for the West and 10. 1 in the East. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WELLNESS CENTERS IN INDIA 0 South North West East 13,6 12 10,1 Source: Ernst & Young and FICCI 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 34,4 40 The report depicts the overall wellness industry as highly unorganized, with the organized sector limited to less than 50 percent of the industry. The industry’s disorganization and fragmentation open further opportunities for international wellness players to capture a large share of the market.Wellness services From massages to cardio sessions, from steam baths to ago puncture, from slimming programs to beauty treatments, the wellness services segment includes all the facilities, centers and in general domestic and international players which offer Indian customers wellness solutions. Recent trends in the wellness services sector Spas: As per the FICCI-EY study, rejuvenation services – including spas, alternative therapies, Ayurveda treatments and beauty services – is expected to witness a 30 percent growth till 2014.In its 2009 report, SpaFinder Inc. counted over 2. 300 spas operating in India, with over 700 to open by 2012 and generating revenues for approximately EUR 264 mil lion annually. NUMBER OF SPAS IN INDIA (PROJECTION) 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2009 Source: SpaFinder Inc. + 700 spas 3000 2300 2012 A distinct trend visible in the Indian wellness market is the opening of spas in the mid-price category. No longer exclusivity of 5-stars hotel guests, standalone spas with a more affordable price-value equation are filling a gap that was missing in the market2.Gyms: Assessed at around INR 500 crore (EUR 75 million) in 2009, the gym market in India is quickly developing. As per the FICCI-EY study, fitness services – comprising gyms and slimming centers – will grow by more than 25 percent till 2014. According to the consultancy firm Deloitte and the US-based International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association, the number of people using health clubs in India currently stands at 0. 23 million. Of this, experts say 40 percent are women3. HEALTH CLUB USERS PENETRATION RATE 2 3Wellness industry unaffected by recession, liveMint, Th e Wall Street Journal, Jun 14, 2009. Gym becoming social networking hub, The Economic Times, Aug 14, 2009. 0,0% US Australia New Zealand Singapore Hong Kong India 0,4% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 17,0% 12,4% 10,8% 6,5% 3,9% Source: Deloitte & International Health, Racquet & Sportclub Association The still low penetration rate, combined with the success of the fitness reality show Biggest Loser Jeetega, which featured gym equipment of the Italian manufacturer Technogym SpA,suggests there is still plenty of room for new centers to open in India.Hotels and restaurant: A further trend, emerging as a consequence of the significant number of lifestyle diseases which affects the country — India accounts for 60% of global cardiac illnesses and has over 50 million diabetics — is the emergence of hotels as health destinations, offering special menus and fitness programs4. Many restaurants are also starting to propose their health-conscious customers special menus. Main international and national players of the wellness services sectorOverall, more than 15 international players in the wellness product and service space have entered India in the recent past and are aggressively expanding in the country. Just to name one, the US-based largest international gym chain in the world, Gold’s Gym has opened 48 gyms since its arrival in India in 2002. This increasing competition from multinationals has compelled national players – including Reliance, Dabur, Manipal Group of Companies, Dr. Batra’s, Kaya Health Clinic – to strengthen and speed up their market expansion strategies.To support the growth, after Talwalkars– one of the leading gym chains in India, with over 100 branches across 50 cities in the country, and over 100. 000 members – and Birla Pacific Spa, also the healthcare and beauty treatment provider Goodwill Hospitals, the drug retail chain Apollo Pharmacy, the diagnostics chain Super Religare Laboratories and the eye care firm VasanEyecare are planning to go public in the next 12 months5. 4 Wellness on the menu, liveMint, The Wall Street Journal, Jul 29, 2011. 5After Birla Pacific Spa and Talwalkars niche beauty and wellness companies planning for IPO, The Economic Times, Aug 25, 2011.While substandard facilities and a lack of qualified staff still characterize the domestic wellness scene, this unsatisfying picture opens further opportunities to international players, which will bring to India their sets of standards of procedures and training programs. Wellness products Including various types of â€Å"modified† foods (e. g. , fat free, low calories, energetic, reinforcing), oils, supplements, integrators, and personal care products, wellness products are gaining more and more space in Indians’ purchase basket.No longer limited to preventive or supportive nutrition, the wellness product portfolio reflects a mix of indulgence, invigoration and narcissism6. Health and wellness food s market Tata Strategic Management Group (TSMG) has estimated theIndian health and wellness foods market being worth INR 10. 150 crore(EUR1. 52 billion) in 2009, with the potential of rising at a compounded annual growth rate of 32. 5 percent to INR 55. 000crore (EUR 8. 24 billion) by 2015. 6 Impulse and Lifestyle Products Define the FMCG Future in India, Roosevelt D’souza, Executive Director, The Nielsen Company, March 4, 2011.HEALTH AND WELLNESS FOODS PROJECTION (EUR billion) 9,00 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 2009 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E Source: TSMG 8,24 + 32. 5% 4,69 3,54 2,67 1,52 2,01 6,21 To capture the growing demand, food brands are in a race to launch new products. Himalaya International’s natural fruit yoghurt, Parle Products’s baked chips, Amul’s range of functional products (including energy drinks, probiotic ice-creams, probiotic lassi and curd, high calcium milk and reduced salt butter), Frito Lay’s trans-fat a nd MSG free products, ITC Food’s low cholesterol products, gut beneficial foods are just few examples7.Sugar-free products With diabetes increasing at an alarming rate –the number of people with diabetes was over 45 million in 2010 and is expected to rise to 69. 9 million by 2015 –, obesity, hypertension and other lifestyle-related disorders, sugar-free product variants are gaining more space on the retail shelves. While Indians have begun to show a liking to sugar-free products, sugar substitutes (often referred to as â€Å"sweeteners†) do not receive the same welcome.In fact, sweeteners are not yet considered a low-calorie sugar substitute, but a product for people suffering of lifestyle diseases8. Nutraceuticals market Within the wellness products segment, the nutraceuticals market – merger of the words â€Å"nutrition† and â€Å"pharmaceutical† indicating functional foods, beverages and dietary supplements which provide health and medical benefits – is expected to grow exponentially. The 2009 FICCI-EY Nutraceuticals – Critical supplement for building a healthy India estimated the market to be around INR 44 billion (representing one 7 8Insights on Indian market, NutriConnect, 2009. Sweet equilibrium, Progressive Grocer, December 2010. percent of the global INR 5. 148 billion nutraceutical market), growing by an annual 18 percent since 2006, much faster than the global 7 percentaverage. INDIA’S NUTRACEUTICAL GLOBAL MARKET SHARE AND SEGMENTATION Rest of EU; 6% Switzerland ; 3% Italy; 3% UK; 2% France; 6% Germany; 5% Japan; 22% 14% Others; 9% US; 36% Functional foods Rest of Asia; 7% Functional beverages India; 1% Dietary supplements Source: Ernst & Young and FICCI 2% 54% Source: Frost & Sullivan, Cygnus Growth drivers are: ? ? the increasing affluence of working population with changing lifestyles; the reduced affordability of sickness related expenditures (with the Out-ofpocket expenditure constituting 64 percent of healthcare expenditures in India – against the global average of 18 percent – and the average cost of in-patient treatment doubled in the decade 1995-20059); the increasing awareness and media penetration; Andthe increased accessibility to such roducts, due to the emergence of new distribution channels. ? ? Moreover, due to their high prices compared to conventional foods, the lack of credibility of their benefits among costumers, and the not-yet-implemented regulatory framework, the latent market for nutraceutical products is estimated to be two to four times the existing market size. CONCLUSIONSIn India, a new multi-dimensional definition of wellness is emerging, encompassing the individual’s desire for social acceptance, exclusivity and collective welfare. Be it in the services or product sector, the wellness industry in India is showing bright opportunities to wellness providers, especially international players. 9 WHO statistical information system, 2008.

For the Love of Art Woody Allen Movies - 538 Words

â€Å"I’m an artist and I won’t change a word of my play.† In this film, we see two different views of what being an artist is. On one hand we have David, a struggling play write trying to get his new piece founded at the expense of his art; on the other hand we see Cheech, an enforcer for the mob who finds his true calling in David’s play. Cheech’s uncompromising attitude toward what turns out to be his art is in direct contrast with David’s views on what is to be an artist. It is clear that David wants fame at any cost and is willing to compromise his art to get it. In the beginning David won’t compromise his play â€Å"I won’t see my art mangled again. To powerful scripts, and I had to watch as actors change my dialogue and directors misinterpret everything.† However, this statement is short lived after David meets Olive for the first time. David says he will not cast her as the psychiatrist in his play, because accord ing to him it is an important role. â€Å"Absolutely not, no!† You’ll work with her, mold her it’ll be a challenge,† Out of the question.† After hiring Olive David then wakes up in the middle of the night and says he’s a â€Å"whore.† It is then that he realizes he will do anything for success and fame â€Å"Do I want success that badly?† The answer’s yes.† Through this compromise David’s solidifies his reasoning for being an artist. David doesn’t know how to be an artist. â€Å"Can you love a man who’s not an artist?† This line is a foreshadowing of the revelation DavidShow MoreRelatedReview Of Woody Allen s Wild Strawberries 1661 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen openly described by Woody Allen as a major influence in his craft of making films. Throughout the years of his career, spanning over decades, Allen has been heavily drawn to Bergman’s style as an art form, enough to impact his own style of telling stories in the cinematic medium. Bergman’s strong method of telling a story was truly riveting and groundbreaking in the entertainment industry, especially for the development of Swedish cinema. As for American cinema, Allen has left a huge footprintRead MoreThe Delicate Relationship Between Artist And Artwork2054 Words   |  9 Pagesnegative actions of an artist or the responses elicited from their works are assessed by the eyes of the public— usually in hopes of lo cating a correlation between the two. This begs the most direct question of whether or not it’s possible to separate art from the artist. Within this dispute, more complex and dark arguments exist. Picasso and Pulanski, two revolutionary figures in their own mediums, are not better-known for their alleged crimes. Their names carry a certain weight in their associationRead MoreMovie Analysis : My Mom Was A Dreamer 2251 Words   |  10 Pagespeople for decades. Before I go on to discuss my film, I d like to tell you the story of the path that led me to a journey in film-making. It would start with my mom, Margaret. She had a wicked sense of humor, a big infectious laugh and she loved movies. As a kid growing up in the Bahamas, she spent her entire Saturdays at the theater. Those were days when you could see a cartoon and three features films – all for less than one dollar. Some of her favorite actors of the day were Bette Davis, RockRead MoreCrimes and Misdemeanors Essay1795 Words   |  8 Pagescapacity of love I feel he is saying that we as humans have this natural need for an emotional attachment in order to feel complete as a person. Everyone on this earth is looking for love and acceptance and this starts from birth. A baby requires love, attention, physical touch and maternal nurturing along with biological needs in order to survive. This is carried on throughout out a person’s life. If one can look back as far as possible into their childhood they will come to find that love from anotherRead More Charlie Chaplin Essay1929 Words   |  8 Pagesyears old. They had a son together but unfortunately the baby only lived for three days, (Turk 49). Chaplin was too much of a workaholic to commit to marriage so he moved out in August 1920, while Mildred filed for divorce, (Turk 50). He later fell in love with sixteen year old Lita Grey during the making of â€Å"The Gold Rush.† Lita’s mother disapproved of the relationship but once she found out that Lita was pregnant with Chaplin’s baby she let them wed. On November 24, 1924 Lita and Chaplin tied the knotRead MoreEssay on Stanley Kubrick: Artist, Explorer and Pioneer3777 Words   |  16 Pages Introduction The line between art and entertainment has become malleable in the last century. Critics of fine art define its quality by its message, innovation and complexity. Both are founded on intent to communicate. Art seeks to engage the viewer and generally attempts to tap into more complicated and rarer emotions. (Krush Web Site) Stanley Kubrick uses the medium of film to convey an understanding of the world around him. I see his work as art rather than entertainment and I proposeRead MoreNew York City: History and Landmarks4966 Words   |  20 Pagesiconic Midtown skyscrapers are fixtures in any skyline view of New York City, and a must-visit for those interested in the city s 20th-century history. Designed by William Van Alen, the Chrysler Building (at 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue) is an Art Deco-style masterpiece, with a distinctive sunburst-patterned stainless steel spire. Automaker Walter P. Chrysler commissioned the building, and requested that stainless steel radiator caps in t he form of Mercury be incorporated into the faà §ade to suggestRead More The Death of the ‘Authorlessness Theory’? Essay6470 Words   |  26 Pageswhen taken at face value, is equivalent to saying that since paint exists, there can be no Painter. But it would be a faux pas give his idea such a naà ¯ve reading—a reading strictly limited to written texts. When applied to projects such as Group art, music and film, his theory gains greater validity. Three such works that illustrate the complexities of authorship are Judy Chicago’s The Dinner Party (1979), Gram Parsons’ second solo album, Grievous Angel (1974), and the 1939 MGM film version ofRead MoreGoal Movie Review10720 Words   |  43 PagesCannon. The screenplay was written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais. The film is being produced by Mike Jefferies and Matt Barrelle of Milkshake Films and executive produced by Peter Hargitay. With Co-Producer Danny Stepper and Associate Producer Allen Hopkins. The film also stars Alessandro Nivola, Stephen Dillane, Anna Friel, Marcel Iures, Sean Pertwee, Lee Ross, Stephen Graham, Kevin Knapman, Cassandra Bell, Kieran O’Brien, Tony Plana and Miriam Colon. The talented creative team includes cinematographerRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 PagesOhio Wesleyan Writing Center Founded University Promoting1955 as a hallmark of liberal arts education writing Writing Guidelines Statements of Purpose From the OWU Writing Center in the Sagan Academic Resource Center The OWU Writing Center Corns 316 ââ€" ª (740-368-3925) ââ€" ª http://writing.owu.edu ââ€" ª open Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center  © 2011 Writing Guidelines for Statements of Purpose Contents Writing Your Statement of Purpose ..........

Essay about Agricultural pollution - 1120 Words

There are countless sources of water pollutions that exist today due to our industrious and technologically advanced lifestyles. However, the most vexing is caused by the most basic necessity for survival, Agricultural Pollution. Agricultural Pollution is defined as, â€Å" liquid and solid wastes from all types of farming activities, including run-off from pesticide and fertilizer use, and from feedlots; erosion and dust from ploughing; animal manure and carcasses; and crop residues and debris. In essence Agricultural Pollution is a nonpoint source water pollutant since it comes from various locations and cannot be pinpointed† (EPA-web). Although there are many practices already in place that will decrease the pollution, increase†¦show more content†¦Livestock Grazing Overgrazing exposes soil, increasing the chances of erosion, encourages adverse plants, and destroys water filtering vegetation. Irrigation Excessive irrigation can decrease the amount of water that flows naturally into streams and rivers by erosion as well as transport concentrated salts to. Pesticides As with the other chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, are used to produce a quality product for the consumers. These chemicals affect water pollution through run off, direct application, and atmospheric deposition. TABLE 1: Leading sources of water quality impairment in the United States (US-EPA, 1994) Rank Rivers Lakes Estuaries 1 Agriculture Agriculture Municipal point sources 2 Municipal point sources Urban runoff/storm sewers Urban runoff/storm sewers 3 Urban runoff/storm Hydrologic/habitat modification Agriculture 4 Resource extraction Municipal point sources Industrial point sources 5 Industrial point sources On-site wastewater Resource extraction Unbeknownst to the general public, outside of the enthusiastic environmentalist, the Neuse and Trent Rivers are heavily contaminated and yet authorities are doing little about it as far as prohibiting swimming, fishing, and water collection for drinking. After Hurricane Irene hit the area, in August 2011, the Neuse River Keeper Foundation set out to collect samples to see what damage had been done.Show MoreRelatedAgricultural Adjustment Program : The Price Loss Coverage ( ARC )734 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout the years the Agricultural Act has allowed the federal government to award billions of dollars to farmers, that determines the foods grown and the foods we eat. The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 mandated the government to pay grant subsidies for corn, wheat and cotton, to maintain adequate supplies of these staple goods during low production times (Orden Zulauf, 2015). The farm bill is revisited every five years, encompassing farm commodity prices and programs, income, farm creditRead More Any Farming is Good Farming Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesalone its own citizens, with food. The farming industry as a whole is failing and that is why we see family farms disappearing from the landscape of America. America has lost 300,000 farmers since 1979 (Wilkinson). Dr. Hudson, a professor of Agricultural Economics at the University of Illinois, stated in the Chicago Tribune, As an overall industry, farming presents little chance for growth. He then went on to state, Farming itself is not a growth area†¦ The challenge for farmers is to be goodRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Ghana Faces and Suggested Solutions1404 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement, deforestation, pollution, land or soil degradation, desertification and resource depletion among others. This essay seeks to elaborate briefly on some of the main environmental challenges confronting Ghana and also throw more light on the concept of sustainable development. To start with, lack of proper waste management is one of the major environmental problems Ghana faces today. The types of waste found in Ghana are solid waste (which includes industrial waste, agricultural waste and mining residue)Read MoreEnvironmental Pollution is Causing Serious and Lasting Damage to the Earth1417 Words   |  6 Pagesgreatest problems that the world is facing today are of environmental pollution, pollution is increasing rapidly every year and causing serious and lasting damage to the earth. In the short story â€Å"A Fable for Tomorrow† by Rachel Carson, describes a small beautiful town in America that later become a terrible town, because it was overwhelmed by pollution. In addition, most of the technology that is uses in today society causes pollution for examples, cars, and pesticides. However, it is very difficultRead MoreWater Pollution in the Philippines1282 Words   |  6 PagesAyaka Okura 12121053 Evelyn Naoumi Academic Writing 1 Water Pollution In The Philippines The Philippines is an archipelago, which means it is made up of a group of islands and is rich in bodies of water such as the oceans, rivers, and lakes. However, according to the data released by Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA) in 2005, 42.89% of the waters in the Philippines are contaminated. These contaminated waters have not only been continuously harming people, but also the aquaticRead MorePollution Of The Environment And The Home1208 Words   |  5 PagesPollution of the Environment There is a strong connection between the environment and the home; this implication refers, in one aspect, to a human’s inclination and love towards home. Because of this connection one should be as concerned for the environment as one is towards his/her own home. Pollution can be defined as anything which is unclean. It causes a lot of environmental issues and health problems not only to humans, but to all creatures on the earth. If we more deeply consider the effectsRead MoreImpacts of Human Behavior on the Environment1201 Words   |  5 Pagesthat is being used to the manmade purpose. Some species of fish can no longer swim to instinctual spawning grounds causing the loss of many fish. Agricultural practices are necessary to provide food sources for people and to help prevent starvation. However, certain agricultural activities such as spraying chemicals can cause water pollution. The chemicals run off the plants into the ground and into water sources. The chemicals can cause illnesses and death for other plant, animal, insect andRead MoreEssay on The Problems of Over Population885 Words   |  4 Pagestoday: war, crime, pollution, and several others. Overpopulation is a serious dilemma that is growing every year, every minute, and every second. It is the root of most, if not all, of the world’s problems1. It is the greatest global crisis facing humanity in the twenty-first century. Overpopulation is the major global problem because of several reasons. Most of the problems we have today, such as ocean depletion, food shortages, water shortages, air pollution, water pollution, and global warmingRead MoreWhat Is Land Pollution?1278 Words   |  6 Pag esWhat is Land Pollution? When we talk about air or water pollution, the reactions garnered are stronger. This is because we can see the effects caused by the pollutants and their extent very clearly. It is normal human psychology to believe in what you see first hand. Our land on the other hand is living a nightmare too. We may not be able to see the effects with clarity, but land is being polluted and abused constantly and we are unable to calculate the damages incurred. Land Pollution has come toRead MoreA River Of Waste : The Hazardous Truth About Factory Farms1543 Words   |  7 PagesFactory farming is a modern agricultural method that produces mass amounts of animals to meet the food consumption. In the 2009 documentary film, A River of Waste: The Hazardous Truth About Factory Farms directed by Don McCorkell, people can see actual accounts how modern agricultural methods of meat and poultry manufacturing has on the environment and human health. Observing the film, people can view why this matter is i mmediately necessary. To reduce operation cost and produce surplus amount of

All About Good Specific Topics for a Definition Essay

All About Good Specific Topics for a Definition Essay To generate the topics you simply have to choose definition essay in the kind of essay and set some keywords in case you have any on your mind. Definition essay topics can differ. As everyone probably knows, simply because you've got a definition essay topic and a couple examples doesn't indicate you've got an essay. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. There is an extensive array of definition essay ideas a student could utilize to compose an essay about. Among the various types of essay, there's a definition essay that could appear to be among the most simple assignments. When selecting a definition essay topic, you have to understand the topic before you pen the essay for other people to read. A suitable topic is a very big step to the exceptional definition essay. Good Specific Topics for a Definition Essay Can Be Fun for Everyone Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. Some dictionaries explain words in various ways, so it's a good idea to consult several and then compare. Good Specific Topics for a Definition Essay - Dead or Alive? There's a selection of essay types, and every one of them are able to assist you in developing your abilities and widening your knowledge. Click on all training course to be certain you observe description. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task beca use you have to clearly show your analytical skills. Parenting topics have a vast scope of formulations, based on a subject they're related to. Starting your essay with an immediate definition isn't always an excellent concept, and that's the reason you should use a hook. Whether this definition applies to you at the moment, and you're panicking since you own a paper due tomorrow (okay, which means you've procrastinated just a bit on this paper), have a deep breath. For example, if the topic of your paper is associated with friendship, the definition essay body paragraphs will describe this phenomenon in various facets. Definition essay examples may enable a fresh writer to find a notion of this paper before getting down straight to get the job done. It's possible to purchase affordable on-line help with any kind of academic essays online. Unlike other sorts of essays, definition papers may vary in their volume. According to statistics, this kind of essays is among the mos t challenging and causes plenty of strain and nerves. Although definition essays are smaller than other forms of academic papers, they still call for a comprehensive plan. Want to Know More About Good Specific Topics for a Definition Essay? You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but remember to do your homework on what the present laws about your favorite topic actually say. If you're in a college and need to compose an argumentative essay, you should select a subject of high importance. There are a number of exemplification essay topics for college students you could adopt but of course not all of these will be applicable for your undertaking. There are a number of exemplification essay topics for college students which you could adopt but, needless to say, not all them will be applicable to your undertaking. Ruthless Good Specific Topics for a Definition Essay Strategies Exploited To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's ess ential to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. The main reason is these topics are not that broad or narrow. If you decide on one of these topics, you will undoubtedly succeed to pull the interest of your audience since they involve the latest discussion topics. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's vital to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. In addition, there are many unique examples of the definition essays with the appropriate structures on the net. They can relieve your academic stress and provide useful and perfect examples to compose your own definition essay later on. Should you do, paraphrase the offered definition to steer clear of difficulties with plagiarism. Don't use any examples that is not going to support the definition. Mention the method by which the definition you were speaking about affected you. You should offer your own definition. The definition has to be thorough and lengthy. As with any other essay, a definition one has its peculiarities along with content requirements that should be met to be successful in the writing. How employees should add to the corporate social responsibility. With all these facts in mind and practice, you can better your skills within this kind of assignment. With professional aid, you'll save yourself time for other vital tasks. The intent of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. In truth, it isn't challenging to define an object, if you know about the tips that are essential for writing a definition paper. The range of words that you write is dependent on the intricacy of your term (some terms are easy to explain, but others need deep research). It is vital to decide on a great topic t o be able to compose a wonderful paper. So, the ideal start would be to interpret this kind of assignment for a definition essay so as to define and understand its features that have to be preserved.

Organizational Bureaucracy and Public Choice †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Bureaucracy and Public Choice. Answer: The Fate of the Common Moral Purpose Phrase I believe that the term used by Barnard on common moral purpose is not a good way of describing organizations (Scott Davis 2015).Work can never be moral but rather morally neutral; this is because the rules and policies established in organizations are never meant to favor a particular group of employees but to help an organization achieve its goals and visions. Secondly, describing organizations as moral may limit the growth and progress of organizations as there may be assumptions the organizations are better yet there may be a need to improve. On the contrary, the term moral purpose in an organizational content should not apply to the organizationmanagement structure but to the relationship among staff. The sense of bonding power between employees and organization administrators during work may be a great determinant to the creation of powerful and positive social function. Organizations can never be judged based on common moral purpose but rather on its independentstructure of management in understanding human motivation (Burke 2017). Essentially, employees are more social than economic beings that require several needs. The work environment is, therefore, a great influence on employees' performance. Morality in the organization is affected by the relationship betweenorganization management structure, the employees, and the clients. Finally, the control structures keep changing depending on global growths. Organizations can therefore not be embedded on common moral purpose but a neutral moral purpose. The neutral moral purpose of managing organizations is more flexible as it can quickly adapt to changes within the organization such as technological changes unlike the common moral purpose is based on rigidity. Organizational Bureaucracy The major obstacles that bureaucratic organizations faces in the verge of making the best decisions are rigidity stampedes creativity and impersonation (Dunleavy 2014). The bureaucratic systems are formed around rigid rules and regulations in that they require everything to work within a given system thus making it difficult for individuals to make decisions out-of-the box. Secondly, the impersonation practice rate in organizations is very high as bureaucratic organizations have fixed rules and regulations that are considered more important than human emotions. Decisions making are therefore only limited to top leadership; sometimes the leaders may not have the capacity to make right choices. High bureaucratic organizations have difficulties in making decisions especially in the modern world where systems have changed due to technological influence. Rigid organizations, therefore, find it hard to make best decisions as theirmanagement systems are based on fixed rules. Flexible organizations thus have mileage over rigid organizations as they find it easier to make decisions and solve problems. Problems that bureaucratic organizations deal with include population growth, technological revolution and economic conditions that have been caused by an increase in organizational complexities (Andrews Boyne 2014). The increase in organizational complexity has been prompted by strategies growth thus resulted in the changes in organizational management structures. Bureaucratic organizations, on the other hand, operate within centralized systems where the institutions are managed in centralized systems due to impersonation and rigidity in rules and regulations within the management structures. However, due to globalizations, economies have revolved, technologies have improved, and population continues to rise. Organizations that intend to stabilize are therefore forced to decentralize their systems to cope up with the strategies growth. References Andrews, R. and Boyne, G.A., 2014. Task complexity, organization size, and administrative intensity: The case of UK universities. Public Administration, 92(3), pp.656-672 Burke, W.W., 2017. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications Dunleavy, P., 2014. Democracy, bureaucracy and public choice: Economic approaches in political science. Routledge Scott, W.R., and Davis, G.F., 2015. Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge